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The aim of the present Special Issue is to address the state-of-art of mitochondrial genomics and phylogenomics. Mitochondrial markers are widespread in phylogenetics; however, it is becoming increasingly clear that (i) many discordance issues arise with respect to nuclear markers and (ii) many features that are normally considered 'typical' for the mitochondrial genome are indeed highly unstable and unconserved.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Acari Actinotrichida --- COI --- cytochrome B --- genetic identification --- Hydrachnidia --- Culicidae --- reverse taxonomy --- species identification --- Unio crassus --- freshwater mussels --- population genetics --- genetic diversity --- mtDNA --- ITS --- codon degeneration --- phylogenetic conflict --- deep phylogeny --- ratite --- Theileria parva --- mitogenomes --- haplotypes --- SNPs --- live vaccine --- fig wasps --- classification --- phylogeny --- mitochondrial gene --- transcriptome --- divergence --- Diptera --- saturation --- rates --- banana --- diversification times --- mitochondrial genome --- Mycosphaerellaceae --- plant pathogens --- Pseudocercospora --- sigatoka disease --- wild sheep --- bighorn --- taxonomy --- cytochrome b --- Yakut snow sheep --- Ovis nivicola lydekkeri --- Actiniaria --- group I intron --- mitogenome --- rearrangement --- sea anemone --- 2D RNA-Barcoding --- molecular morphology --- Nudibranchia --- Dondice --- heteroplasmy --- paternal leakage --- NUMTs --- selection --- mtDNA architecture --- mtDNA structure --- nucleotide composition --- compositional bias --- strand asymmetry --- Eukaryota --- mtDNA expansion --- ICZN --- homonym --- Heterobranchia --- Crassostrea angulata --- Portuguese oyster --- cox1 --- phylogeography --- phylogenetics --- haplotype diversity --- oyster conservation --- n/a

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The aim of the present Special Issue is to address the state-of-art of mitochondrial genomics and phylogenomics. Mitochondrial markers are widespread in phylogenetics; however, it is becoming increasingly clear that (i) many discordance issues arise with respect to nuclear markers and (ii) many features that are normally considered 'typical' for the mitochondrial genome are indeed highly unstable and unconserved.

Acari Actinotrichida --- COI --- cytochrome B --- genetic identification --- Hydrachnidia --- Culicidae --- reverse taxonomy --- species identification --- Unio crassus --- freshwater mussels --- population genetics --- genetic diversity --- mtDNA --- ITS --- codon degeneration --- phylogenetic conflict --- deep phylogeny --- ratite --- Theileria parva --- mitogenomes --- haplotypes --- SNPs --- live vaccine --- fig wasps --- classification --- phylogeny --- mitochondrial gene --- transcriptome --- divergence --- Diptera --- saturation --- rates --- banana --- diversification times --- mitochondrial genome --- Mycosphaerellaceae --- plant pathogens --- Pseudocercospora --- sigatoka disease --- wild sheep --- bighorn --- taxonomy --- cytochrome b --- Yakut snow sheep --- Ovis nivicola lydekkeri --- Actiniaria --- group I intron --- mitogenome --- rearrangement --- sea anemone --- 2D RNA-Barcoding --- molecular morphology --- Nudibranchia --- Dondice --- heteroplasmy --- paternal leakage --- NUMTs --- selection --- mtDNA architecture --- mtDNA structure --- nucleotide composition --- compositional bias --- strand asymmetry --- Eukaryota --- mtDNA expansion --- ICZN --- homonym --- Heterobranchia --- Crassostrea angulata --- Portuguese oyster --- cox1 --- phylogeography --- phylogenetics --- haplotype diversity --- oyster conservation --- n/a

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This book is a collection of a series of articles on several aspects of coastal fish biology and ecology. Coastal fish are key components of marine ecosystems, and the aim of this book is to present relevant research on these wonderful animals and to provide insights for future research in this field.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Zoology & animal sciences --- Alexandria pompano --- Slender sunfish --- Kitefin shark --- Crested oarfish --- Barracudina --- eastern Mediterranean Sea --- eastern Sicily --- Batoidea --- elasmobranchs --- diet --- coastal fishery --- fish assemblage --- lower reaches --- Nakdong River --- estuary weir --- marine juveniles --- Trachipteridae --- Ponza Island --- upwelling --- plankton diversity --- Batesian mimicry --- fish eggs --- environmental factors --- spatial factors --- generalized additive model --- remote sensing --- commercial fish species --- Mediterranean Sea --- environmental health --- heavy metals --- biomarkers --- benthic fish --- molecular tools --- cytochrome b --- ribosomal protein gene S7 --- Gobius cruentatus --- Gobius geniporus --- genetic structure --- quantitative fatty acid signature analysis --- aquatic food webs --- dietary estimation --- BRUV --- Ross Sea --- video sampling --- Antarctica --- coastal ecosystem --- video monitoring --- Tropical Eastern Pacific fish assemblage --- Galapagos --- water quality --- anthropogenic pressure --- European hake --- Merluccius merluccius --- fecundity --- somatic indices --- Adriatic Sea --- L50 --- invasive species --- non-indigenous species --- biological control --- prey–predator interactions --- n/a --- prey-predator interactions

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Over the last few years, the subject of food authenticity and food fraud has received increasing attention from consumers and other stakeholders, such as government agencies and policymakers, control labs, producers, industry, and the research community. Among the different approaches aiming to identify, tackle, and/or deter fraudulent practices in the agri-food sector, the development of new, fast, and accurate methodologies to evaluate food authenticity is of major importance. This book, entitled “Target and Non-Target Approaches for Food Authenticity and Traceability”, gathers original research and review papers focusing on the development and application of both targeted and non-targeted methodologies applied to verify food authenticity and traceability. The contributions regard different foods, among which some are frequently considered as the most prone to adulteration, such as olive oil, honey, meat, and fish. This book is intended for readers aiming to enrich their knowledge through reading contemporary and multidisciplinary papers on the topic of food authentication.

Technology: general issues --- COIBar–RFLP (cytochrome oxidase I barcode–restriction fragment length polymorphism) --- seafood --- fraud --- DNA barcoding --- food authenticity --- food adulteration --- food fraud --- donkey --- cytochrome b --- real-time PCR --- meat products --- honey --- regional origin --- chemometric analysis --- mineral content --- Montenegro --- Sepia --- common cuttlefish --- Sepia officinalis --- real-time PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) --- species identification --- food authentication --- COI (Cytochrome Oxidase I) --- Olea europaea var Sylvestris --- oleaster --- olive --- olive oil --- adulteration --- SNP --- DNA --- virgin olive oil --- quality --- volatile compounds --- sensory analysis --- chemometrics --- anti food fraud --- Curcuma longa --- DNA markers --- SYBR-GREEN real-time PCR --- Zea mays --- pasta --- Triticum aestivum --- Triticum durum --- genetic traceability --- digital PCR --- semolina --- species --- truffle --- Tuber spp. --- species differentiation --- near-infrared spectroscopy --- red deer --- roe deer --- water deer --- multiplex PCR --- capillary electrophoresis --- perilla --- sesame --- geographic origin --- metabolomics --- multivariate analysis --- metabolite profiling --- quantification --- chicken --- guinea fowl --- pheasant --- quail --- turkey --- authentication --- authenticity --- chemometric --- fish --- origin --- meat --- milk --- spectroscopy --- 1H-NMR --- GC-MS --- HPLC-UV/VIS --- protein hydrolysate --- free amino acid contents --- ProHydrAdd --- monofloral honey --- direct analysis in real time (DART) --- high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) --- geographical origin --- Ginkgo biloba --- plant infusions --- real-time polymerase chain reaction --- DNA extraction --- opium poppy --- seed --- pollen grains --- bakery product --- oil --- PCR --- Salmo salar L. --- fatty acids --- mislabeling --- machine learning --- n/a --- COIBar-RFLP (cytochrome oxidase I barcode-restriction fragment length polymorphism)

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Mitochondria are the powerhouses of cells; however, mitochondrial dysfunction causes energy depletion and cell death in a variety of diseases. Altered oxidative phosphorylation and ion homeostasis are associated with ROS production resulting from the disassembly of respiratory supercomplexes and the disruption of electron transfer chains. In pathological conditions, the dysregulation of mitochondrial homeostasis promotes Ca2+ overload in the matrix and ROS accumulation, which induces the mitochondrial permeability transition pore formation responsible for mitochondrial morphological changes linked to membrane dynamics, and ultimately, cell death. Finally, studies on the impaired mitochondrial bioenergetics in pathology could provide molecular tools to counteract diseases associated with mitochondrial dysfunction.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Biochemistry --- aging heart --- Bcl-2 family --- mitochondria --- programmed cell death --- fatty acid oxidation --- palmitate --- oleate --- m.3243A&gt --- G mutation --- MT-ATP6 --- m.8909T&gt --- C --- ATP synthase --- nephropathy --- oxidative phosphorylation --- mitochondrial disease --- cardiolipin --- Barth syndrome --- Sengers syndrome --- respiratory chain --- Dilated Cardiomyopathy with Ataxia --- cardiomyopathy --- mammalian complex I --- NADH dehydrogenase --- complex I assembly --- complex I structure --- complex I deficiency --- supernumerary subunits --- electron transport chain --- mitochondrial dysfunction --- Leigh syndrome --- mitochondrial diseases --- yeast --- Saccharomyces cerevisiae --- pet mutants --- pancreatic endocrine cells --- mathematical model --- cellular bioenergetics --- diabetes --- glucagon --- insulin --- exercise --- immune system --- metabolic disease --- COVID-19 --- mitochondrial dynamics --- viral infections --- MAVS --- RIG-I --- MDA5 --- innate immune response --- SARS CoV-2 --- RSV --- influenza --- respiratory supercomplexes --- ROS --- ATP synthase/hydrolase --- mitochondrial permeability transition pore --- cristae --- cellular signaling --- human disease --- mitochondrial dynamic --- cell signaling --- cancer --- respiratory complexes --- oxidative stress --- mitochondrial DNA --- MTCYB mutations --- cytochrome b --- complex III --- aging --- energy metabolism --- entorhinal cortex --- lipoxidation-derived damage --- neurodegeneration --- oxidative damage --- protein import --- respiratory complex assembly --- supercomplexes --- mitochondrial proteostasis --- heart failure --- bioenergetics --- assembly factor --- atypical myopathy --- high-resolution respirometry --- toxicity assays --- cell culture --- equine primary myoblasts --- fibroblasts --- frozen tissue --- leukocytes --- oxygen consumption --- platelets --- respirometry --- skeletal muscle --- n/a